Organizational Management Essay

A1.As the chairman of the panel of the universal clock time opera house house, Bill Bailey is in a ready of influence to motivate the Operas venire of coachs to press a jointure with the universal time melody by employing the use of Vrooms Expectancy Theory. This theory suggests that people are do by tercet distinct determinants valence (reward), expectancy (performance), and instrumentality (belief). Vroom believed that motivation is a result of the level to which a person desires a reward (valence), the summary of the probability that the effort put forth testament deliver the desired performance (expectancy) and the belief that the performance lead result in the im testment of a reward (instrumentality). In the case of the doh Opera, the most suited reward (valence) would be remaining pecuniaryly solvent in appal of a weak economy. The required performance (expectancy) is to carry or oppose a amalgamation with the Utah Symphony to streng so the financial sta nd of twain memorial tablets.The belief in the attainment of the desired go forthcome (instrumentality) is the move success of the Utah Opera. In order to motivate the Operas board of directors using these factors, Mr. Bailey would need to emphasize the vastly different financial considerations of the two programs. Contrasting the Utah Operas military control flummox offering flexibility for performance scheduling, as intimately as the ecesiss cash reserves, and tangible assets a exculpatest the Symphonys contractually stimulate business model lacking any flexibility, high expenditures, and little or no assets to speak of would be of signifi pott vastness.By concluding his judicial decision of the proposed merger with exerts from the letters of opposition written from the community and Mrs. Abravanel, Mr. Bailey would present passable logical and factual information to convince the Operas board of directors to oppose the merger. In consideration of their desire for the presidency to remain financially solvent in spite of the weak economy (valence), the board of directors for the Utah Opera would more than correspondingly oppose a merger with the Utah Symphony (expectancy) believing that such a merger with the Symphony would founder thefinancial strength of the Opera (instrumentality).A2.As the chairman of the board of the Utah Symphony, Scott Parker is in a position of influence to motivate Mrs. Abravanel to support a merger with the Utah Symphony by employing the use of the Adams Equity theory. This theory suggests that people are motivated to act a real way because be fair and just is of vast importance to them. Inequity and injustice are held in relationship to personal atonement based on an individuals perception of inputs and outcomes. Adams believed that an individual perceiving themselves as either under or over- rewarded would become distressed and be motivated to take action to restore balance or equity in a relationship. In the ca se of the Scott Parker, in order to motivate Mrs. Abravanel to support a merger between the Symphony and the Opera, he would have to magic spell to her strongly reported desire to be just and fair the likes of her husband. wizard such case could be made if Mr. Parker were to point out that the full year, salaried contracts her husband fought to win for the players in the Symphony could be threatened by the weakening economy and the threat of a shortage looming.A negative equity situation for the artists snarly with Opera could as well as be offered as a comparison. With lower pay, fewer performances, and no contracts, those involved in the Opera lack equity to the wages, standards, and employment security enjoyed by Symphony musicians. Mrs. Abravanel, knowing how passionate her husband was about securing full time overlord status and pay for the philharmonic musicians (input), would presumable be motivated to support the merger as means to secure the contracts and pay for th e Symphony and induce an equal probability for the Opera artists(outcome).Additionally, highlighting the fact that the symphonic music was in the high end of Group II of symphony orchestras in the U.S. based on endowments and expenditures could also compel Mrs. Abravanel to support the merger. Carolyn Abravanel herself publically utter that her husband would never take blink of an eye billing to anyone. Being in the lower of the two companys put the Symphony in a second billing situation. A successful merger would produce a higher(prenominal) combined budget and as well as larger endowments creating the likeliness that the Symphony could achieve Group I status and eliminate notwithstanding another negative equity situation for the Symphony.A3.Anne Ewers is a seasoned professional with a history of successful lead within various Opera organizations around the country including the Utah Opera. Having worked her way up the ranks from a stage-director to be the general direct or of the Utah Opera, she earned a great hide of supply. Power grants leaders the ability to direct the actions of others and make decisions with a full stop of potency. A leader retains both positional and personal part. Annes positional fountain stems from the title she has earned. The title commands respects and trys her a degree of authority over others. It is based on external factors and can be removed. For instance, if Anne were to be removed from her position as the general director of the Opera, she would lose her positional spot within the organization. On the other hand, Annes personal power is compilation of her good characteristics and traits that attend to her appeal to others. It is based on national factors such as intelligence, ethics, bankworthiness, charismatic nature, confidence, skill level, experience, and expertise.These things are part of who Anne is as a person, and therefore cannot be taken away from her. No calculate what rank or title Anne has that gives her positional power, she cannot earn the respect and allegiance of the people she leads without her personal power. The judicious use of positional power pull up stakes enhance personal power and vice-versa with personal power and positional power. However, use of either will result in the reduction of both types of authority. by the merger Anne would become the CEO of the integrated programs. As the CEO certain decisions would have to be made using her positional power. One theoretical account of this might include working with other leaders of the combined organizations to create an integration plan and a virgin vision for the combined programs and thus implementing it with the artists and musicians. Another instance where the use of positional power would be enchant for Anne to use would be for her to draft an organizational chart for the combined organization and take it to the board for approval.There are times decisions have to be made by a leader without passing the buck. To be an hard-hitting leader, Anne will need to have followers. This is where the influence of Annes personal power comes into play. Anne will have to wisely assess events on a situational bottom while at the same time considering the needs, motivators, and emotions of the people involved. By being thoughtful, honest, and fair she will earn the trust and respect of the people she leads. One example of how Anne might use her personal power might be found in how she chooses to listen to and address the concerns of Keith Lockhart. As the music director for the symphony he would be reporting directly to Anne Ewers. Being addicted to having more person control than the new organizational social structure allows will require some adjustments on his part. By listening intently to Keith and want his input where appropriate Anne has a greater chance of earning his respect, trust, and loyalty.A3a.In the probable merger, Anne would become the CEO of the integrated progra ms. With this position comes the power to make one-sided decisions necessary to operate the organization. To successfully lead the efforts as the proposed CEO, Anne Ewers should use her positional power to develop an integration plan and a solid structure for the new, integrated organization. By defining the fibers of key individuals such as Keith Lockhart and Leslie Peterson, Anne could maximise their effectiveness in the merger, satisfy their need for control, and ensure a restrained transition. Gaining the support of the leaders in both entities is a vital to the sticking success of the merger. Anne will need them to guide the artists and musicians through the transitional butt By delegating some her own authority to each of these leaders Anne has a greater potency to make them each feel set and important without actually relinquishing any real overall control. delinquent to the nature of her position, Anne will retain the final decisions in all business activities. As th e CEO, Anne should also use her positional power to establish a workable budget the financial framework to support it for the board of directors to approve. Her astute business acumen, successful fundraising abilities, and a knack for creating financial reserves contempt budgetary constraints will grant her expertise in this area. A well laid out financial plan than includes a detailed fundraising agitate is a pivotal portion of the success of the integrated organization. The board of directors and potential donors will need reassurance that the financial well being of the new total is secure. Anne Ewers will need to provide that in order to prove she was the clear choice for the CEO position.A3b.Anne Ewers has acquired a vast skill set and acquaintance base through her years of experience working in the opera industry. She has proven herself to be an ethical, intelligent, trustworthy, confident, and charismatic leader. This compilation of traits and characteristics grant her a great deal of personal power to draw upon in order to endue Keith Lockhart after the merger. In this case, empowerment means Anne will need to give Mr. Lockhart power and official authority. She will first need to gain his trust and commitment. To achieve this Anne can share her vision for the combined organization and his role in it with him. Mr. Lockharts primary objection to the merger centered on his having to report to Mrs. Ewers in the new management structure. His own loss of power was a blow to his ego. As the CEO, Anne can transfer some of her positional power and authority to Mr. Lockhart to offset his negative feelings and make him feel valued.She can do this without diminishing any of her overall power or control. apply her personal power, Anne will also need to make Keith Lockhart feel like he is valued and needed as key decision shaping machine in the integrated organization. She will need to emphasize that his participation as a leader is vital to the success of the merger. Mr. Lockhart has to know that he has the power to help set the course of the new entity. His input will be used to set goals, address issues associated with the merger, and to define the course of the symphony. In essence, Anne will need to convince Mr. Lockhart that he has the necessary power to guide the symphony into the future.A4.As a unionized body, the symphony musicians have contracts for wages and benefits protected by a collective agreement. This agreement calls for significant salary increases in each of the next two years. With some musicians fearing that the merger could lead the board of directors to reopen the current collective bargaining agreement as a means to renegotiate the expected salary increases and other terms, opposition to the merger and/or threat of a strike are potential issues at hand. A strike could be detrimental to the organization since there would be no symphony without the musicians, and the same musicians play for the opera. The botto m line is that both entities in the organization depend on the musicians to produce income. This position offers the group organizational strength and power.A4a.To mitigate the potential issue of opposition to the merger and/or threat of a strike with the musicians, it is recommended that Anne ensure the security of the musicians contracts as written with the board of directors. With the boards agreement, Anne could then approach the musicians with a guarantee that the current contracts will stand as written without any threat of renegotiation. Although this is a costly solution, neither the opera nor the symphony is in a position to operate without musicians. In the yen run, honoring the contracts is most likely less expensive and detrimental to the new combined entity than a strike would be. The public relations ramifications could result in a more costly backlash than even the immediate financial losses if it were to seismic disturbance future donations.A5.With eleven years of proven leadership and a reputation for being energetic, impetuous, and capable, Anne Ewers is in an excellent position to impart the Utah Opera staff to support the merger. By employing the use of fragile tactics such as rational persuasion, and inspirational appeals, Anne is more likely to be influential with them. As a member of the Opera police squad herself, Anne is trusted and respected by the staff. Through rational persuasion Anne has the opportunity to logically explain the facts as to why the merger is good for the opera. Reiterating that the downturn in the economy and declining ticket sales would most likely impact the organization could be a starting point. Anne needs to explain that by no longer competing against the symphony for funding both organizations would stand to gain a stronger footing.By promising to safeguard the Operas identity element through process Anne could also ease their fears and gain their acceptance. Given her enthusiastic nature and proven track record for successfully guiding the opera, Anne could also make an inspirational appeal to the staff. As part of a larger entity with a solid economic backing, the opera could become a tier-one liberal arts organization. Expanding the artistic potential of the opera would also elevate the status of the organization to be more in line with the symphony. This level of recognition could prove to be very meaningful to all those involved with the opera. Building intensity for the merger as the way to achieve this type of recognition would help also Anne to garner thestaffs commitment to the process.