Backchannel Signals

Prosodic Features which Cue patronise channel Responses in English and Japanese Nigel Ward and Wataru Tsukahara University of capital of Japan biographic Notes Nigel Ward received a Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1991. Wataru Tsukahara hopes to receive a Ph.D. from the University of Tokyo in 1999. His thesis research focuses on the construction of a reactive and handsome spoken language system responsive in the sense of taking turns with the equal swiftness as people, and sensitive in the sense of ad bonnying responses to crafty shifts in the users attitude as revealed by his voice timing and prosody. Abstract Back-channel feedback, responses much(prenominal) as uh-uh from a listener, is a permeating feature of chat. It has colossal been thought that the production of back channel feedback depends to a large purpose on the actions of the some other conversation partner, not just on the volition of the one who produces them. In particular, prosodic moves from the vocaliser bear out long been thought to present a role, but have so far eluded identi?cation. We have preceding suggested that an important prosodic cue involved, in both English and Japanese, is a region of base take in late in an annotation (Ward, 1996).

This paper presents inference for this claim, surveys other factors which elicit or inhibit back channel responses, discusses issues in the de?nition of back channel feedback, and mentions a few related phenomena and speculative issues. *We thank Keikichi Hirose for the pitch tracker, Yuichiro Fukuchi for e?orts to disprove our hypothesis, Daniel Jurafsky, Kikuo Maekawa, Elizabeth Shriberg, Maki Sugimoto, Minoru Terada and anonymous referees for discussion, and our conversants for the data. We excessively thank the Japanese Ministry of Education, the skilful Technology Promotion bum, the Nakayama Foundation, and the Inamori Foundation for support. 1 Introduction By back-channel feedback we mean, approximately, the short utterances produced...If you want to land a replete essay, tell it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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